{"id":113,"date":"2026-09-16T18:09:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T18:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/drerkanteyin.com.tr\/?p=113"},"modified":"2026-09-16T18:09:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-16T18:09:59","slug":"cluneal-sinir-sikismasi-ve-cluneal-sinir-radyofrekans-tedavisi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/?p=113","title":{"rendered":"Cluneal Sinir S\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve Cluneal Sinir Radyofrekans Tedavisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n nedeni bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayabilir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Belin alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda, kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya le\u011fen kemi\u011finin arka taraf\u0131nda hissedilen a\u011fr\u0131 her zaman bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6zellikle <strong>kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst-d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda ba\u015flayan, kal\u00e7aya ve bazen baca\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131lan a\u011fr\u0131larda cluneal sinirler<\/strong> de a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluneal sinirler, belin alt k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ve le\u011fen kemi\u011finin arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden ge\u00e7erek kal\u00e7a derisinin duyusunu ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sinirlerdir. Bu sinirlerin s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 veya tahri\u015f olmas\u0131 <strong>cluneal sinir a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na<\/strong> neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu durum t\u0131pta <strong>cluneal sinir s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (cluneal nerve entrapment)<\/strong> olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinirler nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluneal sinirler, bel ve kal\u00e7a b\u00f6lgesindeki cildin duyusunu ta\u015f\u0131yan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sinirlerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dc\u00e7 ana grupta incelenebilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u00dcst cluneal sinirler<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Orta cluneal sinirler<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alt cluneal sinirler<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu sinirlerin s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde a\u011fr\u0131ya neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6zellikle \u00fcst cluneal sinirler, belin alt k\u0131sm\u0131ndan kal\u00e7aya do\u011fru ilerlerken baz\u0131 ba\u011f ve dokular\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ge\u00e7er. Bu ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u0131ras\u0131nda sinirin s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 veya tahri\u015f olmas\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131ya yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n belirtileri nelerdir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluneal sinir kaynakl\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir noktada yo\u011funla\u015fabilmesidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hastalar s\u0131kl\u0131kla;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Belin hemen alt\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kal\u00e7an\u0131n d\u0131\u015f taraf\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tek tarafl\u0131 kal\u00e7a a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kal\u00e7adan uylu\u011fun \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131na yay\u0131lan a\u011fr\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yanma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Batma,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elektrik \u00e7arpmas\u0131 \u015feklinde a\u011fr\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dokunmakla hassasiyet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tarif eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Uzun s\u00fcre oturmak, y\u00fcr\u00fcmek, merdiven \u00e7\u0131kmak veya bel hareketleri a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Baz\u0131 hastalarda a\u011fr\u0131 bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya siyatik a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7ok benzeyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluneal sinir a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme tetkiklerinde belirgin bir bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclmemesine ra\u011fmen hastan\u0131n ciddi bel ve kal\u00e7a a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015famas\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bunun tersine, MR&#8217;da bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan her hastan\u0131n a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n nedeni de bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle yaln\u0131zca MR g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcs\u00fcne bakarak a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 belirlenmemelidir. Hastan\u0131n \u015fik\u00e2yetleri, muayene bulgular\u0131 ve a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir blo\u011fu nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir blo\u011fu<\/strong>, a\u011fr\u0131ya neden oldu\u011fu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen sinirin \u00e7evresine lokal anestezik ila\u00e7 uygulanarak sinirin ge\u00e7ici olarak uyu\u015fturulmas\u0131 i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015flemin iki \u00f6nemli amac\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten ilgili cluneal sinirden kaynaklan\u0131p kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Uygun hastalarda a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 azaltmak.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015flem genellikle ultrason veya r\u00f6ntgen g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme e\u015fli\u011finde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. \u0130nce bir i\u011fne ile sinirin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeye ula\u015f\u0131l\u0131r ve uygun ila\u00e7 uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015flem sonras\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n belirgin \u015fekilde azalmas\u0131, cluneal sinirin a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli kaynaklar\u0131ndan biri oldu\u011funu destekleyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir RFT nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir radyofrekans tedavisi (RFT)<\/strong>, sinir kaynakl\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n daha uzun s\u00fcre kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla uygulanan giri\u015fimsel bir a\u011fr\u0131 tedavisidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radyofrekans cihaz\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulan kontroll\u00fc enerji, a\u011fr\u0131ya neden olan sinir liflerinin a\u011fr\u0131 iletimini azaltmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu i\u015flemde ama\u00e7 siniri tamamen yok etmek de\u011fil, <strong>a\u011fr\u0131 sinyallerinin iletimini azaltarak hastan\u0131n ya\u015fam kalitesini art\u0131rmakt\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluneal sinir blo\u011fundan belirgin ve ge\u00e7ici fayda g\u00f6ren, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten bu sinirlerden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen uygun hastalarda radyofrekans tedavisi de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir RFT nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015flem genellikle steril ko\u015fullarda ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme e\u015fli\u011finde yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Genel olarak;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hasta uygun pozisyonda yat\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130\u015flem yap\u0131lacak b\u00f6lge belirlenir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cilt lokal anestezi ile uyu\u015fturulur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130nce radyofrekans i\u011fnesi sinirin hedeflenen b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ilerletilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sinirin do\u011fru b\u00f6lgesinde olundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme ve gerekli durumlarda elektriksel testlerle kontrol edilir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ard\u0131ndan radyofrekans tedavisi uygulan\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130\u015flemin ayr\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131, hedeflenen cluneal sinire ve hastan\u0131n anatomik \u00f6zelliklerine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir RFT kimlere uygulanabilir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Her bel veya kal\u00e7a a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 olan hastaya cluneal sinir RFT yap\u0131lmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d6zellikle;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n cluneal sinirlerin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na uymas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Muayenede sinirin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi b\u00f6lgede belirgin hassasiyet bulunmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Di\u011fer olas\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 nedenlerinin de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cluneal sinir blo\u011fundan belirgin fayda g\u00f6r\u00fclmesi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gibi bulgular tedavi karar\u0131nda \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle RFT \u00f6ncesinde ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 muayene ve do\u011fru tan\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir blo\u011fu ile RFT aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir blo\u011fu<\/strong> daha \u00e7ok tan\u0131sal ama\u00e7la ve k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli a\u011fr\u0131 kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Radyofrekans tedavisi<\/strong> ise uygun hastalarda daha uzun s\u00fcreli a\u011fr\u0131 kontrol\u00fc sa\u011flamak amac\u0131yla uygulan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basit \u015fekilde ifade etmek gerekirse:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sinir blo\u011fu \u2192 A\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamaya ve a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>RFT \u2192 Uygun hastalarda a\u011fr\u0131 sinyallerini daha uzun s\u00fcre azaltmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir RFT kal\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Radyofrekans tedavisinin amac\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131y\u0131 azaltmak ve hastan\u0131n g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Ancak hi\u00e7bir giri\u015fimsel a\u011fr\u0131 tedavisi her hastada kal\u0131c\u0131 ve tamamen a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131z bir sonu\u00e7 garanti etmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sinir dokusu zaman i\u00e7erisinde kendini yenileyebilir ve a\u011fr\u0131 tekrar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle tedavinin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131; do\u011fru hastan\u0131n se\u00e7ilmesine, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesine ve e\u015flik eden bel, kal\u00e7a, kas veya di\u011fer problemlerin birlikte de\u011ferlendirilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda do\u011fru tan\u0131 neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bel ve kal\u00e7a b\u00f6lgesindeki a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131n bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 nedeni olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131, sakroiliak eklem sorunlar\u0131, kal\u00e7a eklemi hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kas problemleri ve \u00e7e\u015fitli sinir kaynakl\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131lar birbirine benzeyebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu nedenle <strong>cluneal sinir blo\u011fu ve RFT ancak uygun hastalarda ve do\u011fru tan\u0131 sonras\u0131nda uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131nda veya belin alt b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde uzun s\u00fcredir devam eden ve \u00f6zellikle belirli bir noktaya bast\u0131rmakla artan a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131z varsa, a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n nedeni her zaman bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cluneal sinir s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>, g\u00f6zden ka\u00e7abilen ancak uygun hastalarda tedavi edilebilir a\u011fr\u0131 nedenlerinden biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cluneal sinir blo\u011fu tan\u0131ya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. Blo\u011fa belirgin yan\u0131t veren uygun hastalarda <strong>cluneal sinir radyofrekans tedavisi (RFT)<\/strong> a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n uzun s\u00fcreli kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in de\u011ferlendirilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do\u011fru tan\u0131, do\u011fru tedavinin ilk ad\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n nedeni bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmayabilir Belin alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda, kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde veya le\u011fen kemi\u011finin arka taraf\u0131nda hissedilen a\u011fr\u0131 her zaman bel f\u0131t\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklanmaz. \u00d6zellikle kal\u00e7an\u0131n \u00fcst-d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131nda ba\u015flayan, kal\u00e7aya ve bazen baca\u011f\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yay\u0131lan a\u011fr\u0131larda cluneal sinirler de a\u011fr\u0131n\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131 olabilir. Cluneal sinirler, belin alt k\u0131sm\u0131ndan ve le\u011fen kemi\u011finin arka b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden &#8230; <a title=\"Cluneal Sinir S\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve Cluneal Sinir Radyofrekans Tedavisi\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/?p=113\" aria-label=\"Cluneal Sinir S\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ve Cluneal Sinir Radyofrekans Tedavisi hakk\u0131nda daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 okuyun\">Devam\u0131n\u0131 oku<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[111,112,113,114,115],"class_list":["post-113","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-omurga","tag-cluneal","tag-cluneal-sinir-sikismasi","tag-cluneal-sinir-sikismasinin-belirtileri","tag-omuga","tag-omugaagrilari"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=113"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onkolojiagri.com.tr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}